All projects

Published as: Vietnam Reef Restoration | Technique: Coral Gardening - Transplantation Phase | Disturbance addressed: yes | Genera: Mixed | Method: Attached broken coral fragments from cyclone using cable ties to nails hammered into reef rock | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Koh Tao Coral Restoration Project | Technique: substrate addition - artificial reef, coral gardening - transplantation | Disturbance addressed: yes | Genera: Mixed | Method: Implemented by CRC team on February 2010 off the southern tip of Koh Tao Island, this Coral Conservation Program shows excellent results. Before reef modules installation and coral transplantation, the implementation area was a deserted field of dead corals. More than 4.5 years after its creation and thanks to the local community involvement, this coral reef is the permanent shelter of an amazing marine biodiversity. | Post-restoration monitoring: 54 months | Authors' conclusion: Quantitative outcomes:800 corals transplanted, 24 coral species, 61 fish species | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Le Meridien Koh Samui Shoreline Enhancement Project | Technique: substrate addition - artificial reef, coral gardening - transplantation | Disturbance addressed: yes | Genera: Mixed | Method: Transplant corals onto metal frames and pieces of reef rubble, algae removal undertaken | Authors' conclusion: Quantitative outcomes: 400 corals transplanted, 3 coral species, 36 fish species | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Soneva Kiri Coral Garden Project | Technique: substrate addition - artificial reef, coral gardening - transplantation | Disturbance addressed: yes | Genera: Mixed | Method: Transplant corals onto metal frames and pieces of reef rubble. Reef rubble used to weigh down and fill in the base of the metal frames Modules cable tied together to create a larger structure. Youtube Video: The Soneva Kiri Coral Garden was set up by Coral Reef Creator's Team in Koh Kood - Thailand in October 2011. About 2000 coral fragments where grafted on this news coral reef ecosystem. This movie was released in January 2013. You can see the result 15 months after coral transplantation. | Authors' conclusion: Quantitative outcomes:2000 corals transplanted, 27 coral species, 69 fish species | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Aleenta Phuket Coral Barrier Reef Project | Technique: substrate addition - artificial reef, coral gardening - transplantation | Disturbance addressed: yes | Genera: Mixed | Method: Construction of box shaped metal cages filled with reef rubble to act as a sort of breakwater/barrier. Transplant corals onto metal frames. Modules cable tied together to create a larger structure. | Authors' conclusion: Quantitative outcomes: 1000 corals transplanted, 11 coral species, 39 fish species | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Akaryn Samui Coral Revitalization Project | Technique: substrate addition - artificial reef, coral gardening - transplantation | Disturbance addressed: yes | Genera: Mixed | Method: Construction of metal frames filled with reef rubble to assist in stabilising and weighing down the structures Transplant corals onto metal frames. | Authors' conclusion: Quantitative outcomes: 500 corals transplanted, 14 coral species, 36 fish species | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: The Koh Tao Scuba-Diving Coral Reef Project | Technique: substrate addition - artificial reef, coral gardening - transplantation | Disturbance addressed: yes | Genera: Mixed | Method: Metal frames more like coral nurseries have been created on to which corals are transplanted using cable ties. Heavy steel structures held in place by their weight | Authors' conclusion: Quantitative outcomes: 500 corals transplanted, 12 coral species, 46 fish species | Lessons reported: see comments above | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Coral propagation at Koh Tao | Technique: Coral Gardening - Transplantation Phase | Genera: Mixed | Method: Planting corals of opportunity on reef rubble, Fragments are taken to shore with reef rubble where it is glued to the substrate then returned to a 'nursery' (Nursery is a consolidated pile of reef rubble) | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Coral Propagation Moyo Island | Technique: Coral Gardening - Transplantation Phase | Disturbance addressed: yes | Genera: Mixed | Method: Planting corals of opportunity onto reef rubble consolidated into 'nurseries (as described above) | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Growing coral larger and faster: micro-colony-fusion as a strategy for accelerating coral cover. | Technique: Coral Gardening - Microfragmentation | Genera: Orbicella, Pseudodiploria, Porites | Method: Small fragments (~1x1cm) were cut from massive corals and placed on tiles, which were placed in ex situ aquaria. Maintenance involved daily siphoning of detritus, and manual algae removal. In a second experiment, the tiles were mounted to a concrete triangular concrete and placed in two tanks, one cleaned tank and one established. | Survival of transplants reported by the source: 100% | Post-restoration monitoring: 12 months | Authors' conclusion: Orbicella faveolata and Pseudodiploria clivosa grew an average 20 cm2 per month (although it was highly variable), with overall area increasing 329 and 154% (respectively) in 5 months. Larger fragments grew at a faster rate. For Porites lobata, there was a difference in growth between tanks (cleaned/established), with fragments growing faster in the established tank compared to the cleaned tank. | Lessons reported: The mesocosm of the established tank provided herbivores and increased diversity in terms of microbial , planktonic and benthic macrofauna. | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Coral Nursery, Phi Phi Island National Park | Technique: Coral Gardening - Transplantation Phase | Disturbance addressed: yes | Genera: Mixed | Method: Planting corals of opportunity onto reef rubble (as above). Utilising training nurseries and subsequently corals are moved to a broodstock nursery. | Authors' conclusion: Quote from source webpage "This is the successful and fully organic coral nursery in Koh Phi Phi that is developed using the Ocean Quest coral propagation system" Also completed online survey for all projects as a collective | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Coral Propagation Malaysia | Technique: Coral Gardening - Transplantation Phase | Disturbance addressed: yes | Genera: Mixed | Method: Planting corals of opportunity onto reef rubble (as above). Utilising training nurseries and subsequently corals are moved to a broodstock nursery. | Authors' conclusion: Ocean Quest’s coral propagation method is unlike many others as it is both natural and sustainable. This method includes five basic steps: 1) rescue, 2) propagation, 3) management, 4) transplantation, 5) management. The nurseries provide training for each of these steps as well as separate nurseries for both quarantine for recuperating corals and another for healthy, | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Caramoan Coral Reef Project | Technique: Coral gardening - transplantation, Substrate Enhancement - Electric | Disturbance addressed: yes | Genera: Mixed | Method: Using metal artificial reef structures to provide a base onto which corals of opportunity are transplanted | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Survival and growth of Acropora spp. in mid-water nursery and after transplantation at Phi Phi Islands, Andaman Sea, Thailand. | Technique: Coral Gardening | Disturbance addressed: Tsunami | Genera: Acropora | Method: Corals reared for 4 months in mid water nursery, consisting of trays suspended at 6 m depth with floats and anchors. | Survival of transplants reported by the source: 81.15% | Post-restoration monitoring: 12 months | Authors' conclusion: Fragments of A. muricata and A. grandis had high survivorship both in nursery (95%) and after transplantation (81%), and the authors recommend the coral species as suitable for nursery and transplantation in the Andaman Sea. | Lessons reported: Relatively few transplanted corals grew tissue/skeleton over the metal bar. No description of metal bar type etc in paper | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: The Lifeboat Project | Technique: Coral gardening - transplantation, Substrate Enhancement - Electric | Disturbance addressed: yes | Genera: Mixed | Method: Metal artificial reef structures as coral nurseries. Some of them were attached to solar powered electricity units as part of mineral accretion project. | Lessons reported: small nursery environments, with power, will work even in poor water quality. They had biorock nurseries in the ‘marina’ that did well. Corals moved from poor water quality to better water quality offshore did well. [Theory would suggest this makes sense. The opposite may not be true]. | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Restoring the underwater habitat at SEA Restaurant: Phase 1 | Technique: Coral Gardening | Disturbance addressed: yes | Genera: Tubastrea, Heliopora, Sinularia, Clathria, Sarcophyton, Lobophytum, Dendronephthya, Stichopathes, Amplexidiscus, Acropora, Alveopora, Astreopora, Cyphastrea, Diploastrea, Euphyllia, Favia, Favites, F… | Method: Transplanting remaining living coral around the underwater restaurant onto pre prepared frames and cement bases. Included corals, anemones and other inverts | Survival of transplants reported by the source: 98% | Post-restoration monitoring: 12 months | Authors' conclusion: Restoration of the platform surrounding SEA helped restore the three dimensional structure of the habitat providing refuge and feeding areas for coral reef fishes. | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Restoring the underwater habitat at SEA Restaurant, Antara, Kihavah: Phase II | Technique: Coral Gardening, Substrate addition, substrate stabilisation | Disturbance addressed: yes | Genera: Porites, Diploastrea, Gardineroseris, Physogyra, Psammocora, Pavona, Astreopora, Acropora, Favia, Favites, Platygyra, Lobophyllia, Symphyllia, Leptastrea, Goniopora, Goniastrea, Sarcophyton, Lobophyt… | Method: Transplanting corals from other parts of the reef onto the reef slope outside of the windows of the restaurant. It appears many of the corals were large and heavy enough to maintain stability and location. Other corals were then wedged in between the larger corals | Survival of transplants reported by the source: 95% | Post-restoration monitoring: 6 months | Authors' conclusion: Key outcomes: large influx of other reef organisms, especially motile fish and invertebrates by providing refuge and feeding areas. Added benefit of concentrating organisms such that the potential of successful reproduction during the annual spawning period is maximized, which has greater benefits for surrounding reefs and is likely to contribute to a faster recovery from the 2016 bleaching event. | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Kāne‘ohe Bay Reef Restoration Project | Technique: Substrate Enhancement - Algae removal | Disturbance addressed: Invasive algae | Method: Removal of invasive algae from reef with divers and suction device. Introduction of grazing urchins. | Post-restoration monitoring: 36 months | Authors' conclusion: 17 acres of algae were cleared and kept clear with urchins. 100% removal with dental tools was also trialled, with positive outcomes | Lessons reported: Effective clearing of macroalgae with mechanical suction device. Algal clearing must be paired with enhanced herbivory to be effective. | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Prevalence, consequences, and mitigation of fireworm predation on endangered staghorn coral | Technique: Coral Gardening - Transplantation Phase | Genera: Acropora | Method: Comparison of wild and transplanted populations of A. cervicornis to assess predation by fireworms, growth and the cost of predation. | Post-restoration monitoring: 24 months | Authors' conclusion: Predation by the fireworm Hermodice carunculata was variable on both wild (0 to 51%) and restocked (0 to 53%) populations. The risk of preyed branches showing progressive tissue loss at the subsequent survey was 10 times higher than for non-preyed branches. Mean healing time for preyed branch tips was 110 ± 6 d. Removing the dead skeleton from preyed branch tips accelerated recovery to 46 d (range: 22 to 92 d). | Lessons reported: Fireworm predation imposes significant costs on both remnant wild and restocked staghorn colonies, but removing dead tips, rather than leaving them to bioerode, is a useful strategy to accelerate recovery from predation. | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Restoring the underwater habitat at SEA Restaurant, Antara, Kihavah: Phase III | Technique: Coral Gardening, Substrate addition, substrate stabilisation | Disturbance addressed: yes | Genera: Porites, Diploastrea, Gardineroseris, Physogyra, Psammocora, Pavona, Astreopora, Acropora, Favia, Favites, Platygyra, Lobophyllia, Symphyllia, Leptastrea, Goniopora, Goniastrea, Sarcophyton, Lobophyt… | Method: Transplanting corals from other parts of the reef onto the reef slope outside of the windows of the restaurant. It appears many of the corals were large and heavy enough to maintain stability and location. Other corals were then wedged in between the larger corals | Post-restoration monitoring: 6 months | Authors' conclusion: Maintenance of the restored reef and nursery area is critical to ensure long-term survival. Efforts should focus on removal of pest species (snails and cushion starfish), removal of any corals that succumb to disease, and cleaning of the nursery ropes to eliminate algae and colonizing invertebrates. | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Transforming and degraded reef: The Aquabar Snorkel Trail | Technique: Coral Gardening - Nursery Phase | Disturbance addressed: yes | Genera: Mixed | Method: These corals and other invertebrates were collected from non-reefal habitats, areas undergoing sand extraction, reef flat communities that were exposed at low tide and 2 lagoonal patch reefs. Dead coral rubble was collected and coalesced into a base for the trail. | Post-restoration monitoring: 1 months | Authors' conclusion: The new snorkel trail was created solely using corals that were rescued and would otherwise die. Many of the corals were infested with coral predators, and these were removed, saving the corals from inevitable death. In addition to the snorkel trail, we created the largest rope nursery in the Maldives which contains more coral fragments than any other nurseries we have established around Dhigu to date. | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Expansion of the Puerto Rico Low-Tech Coral Aquaculture and Coral Reef Rehabilitation Project. | Technique: Coral Gardening | Disturbance addressed: General degradation | Genera: Acropora | Method: Coral nurseries and outplanting to restore degraded coral reefs. | Survival of transplants reported by the source: 73% | Post-restoration monitoring: 24 months | Authors' conclusion: Staghorn coral outplanting was also highly successful in restocking depleted populations. Further, outplanting also resulted in a significant enhancing of reef fish communities, particularly with juvenile individuals. Restored sites have shown a significant increase in fish species richness, abundance and biomass, in comparison to control sites. Also, non-MPA restored areas support more fish than those at control non-MPA sites. | Lessons reported: Differences in different nursery styles | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Transplantation of coral fragments from ship groundings on electrochemically formed reef structures | Technique: Substrate Enhancement - Electric | Disturbance addressed: Ship Grounding | Genera: Acropora, Stylophora, Porites, Echinopora, Goniopora, Pocillopora, Hydnophora, Millepora | Method: Coral fragments transplanted onto steel mesh which is electrified to encourage the electrochemical deposition of calcium. Tent-like/pyramid shaped structures were tested as trays for coral fragment nurseries. | Survival of transplants reported by the source: 93.5% | Post-restoration monitoring: 6 months | Authors' conclusion: Applying electricity enhances restoration success by providing a nature-like substrate, using coral nubbins speeds up recolonisation | Lessons reported: Mount nurseries on poles to avoid Drupella infestations, All Pocilloporid nubbins died | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Effects of Concrete-Bamboo Cages on Coral Fragments: Evaluation of a Low-Tech Method Used in Artisanal Ocean-Based Coral Farming. | Technique: Coral Gardening - Nursery Phase | Genera: Acropora, Pavona | Method: Experiment testing effects of bamboo cages to exclude coral predators (fish and invertebrates). Nubbins on concrete bases, fixed onto 1 x 1m bamboo boards. Treatments = Bamboo cages with small and large mesh, shading vs no shading, deep vs shallow. Control = no cages, open cages, no shading. | Post-restoration monitoring: 4.4 months | Authors' conclusion: Fragments do not necessarily grow faster and at higher survival rates in cages, especially if they do not adequately exclude fish. A. gomezi fragments reached the highest mean skeletal extension when cultured outside of cages in shallow water, all other treatments showed net negative growth. P. cactus growth was only affected by cages in deeper sites. Similarly, A gomezi grew faster unshaded, while P. cactus grew more in the shade. | Lessons reported: Bamboo cages not appropriate to keep fishes out, but rather attract fish, which may cause mechanical damage to coral fragments inside cages. | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Fixed and suspended coral nurseries in the Philippines: Establishing the first step in the “gardening concept” of reef restoration | Technique: Coral Gardening - Nursery Phase | Disturbance addressed: Destructive fishing | Genera: Merulina, Echinopora, Montipora, Pocillopora, Porites, Acropora, Montipora | Method: Leg fixed coral nurseries above substrate, populated with coral fragments collected from nearby reef. | Survival of transplants reported by the source: 88.2% | Post-restoration monitoring: 12 months | Authors' conclusion: No difference between fixed/suspended trays, mortality and growth species specific | Lessons reported: super glue not strong enough to hold non-branching species to mesh | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Enhancement of Grazing Gastropod Populations as a Coral Reef Restoration Tool: Predation Effects and Related Applied Implications | Technique: Substrate addition - artificial reef, Substrate Enhancement - Algae removal | Disturbance addressed: Overfishing | Genera: Pocillopora, Acropora, Porites, Montipora, Echinopora | Method: Factorial experiment with 42 experimental Reef Balls (tm): 14 with transplanted corals at low density (9.5 /m2), 14 at high density (19/m2), and 14 without coral transplants (control). Half of the Reef Balls (tm) in each treatment category were stocked with cultured trochus shells. Trochus niloticus were spawned and reared in aquaria for 5-6 months before release onto reef balls. Trochus were stocked at high densities that were continuously maintained over 6 months. | Survival of transplants reported by the source: 74% | Post-restoration monitoring: 6 months | Authors' conclusion: The addition of an algal grazer did not enhance coral growth/recruitment on artificial reefs. No difference in recruitment, recruit/transplanted coral survival in either treatment. Speculate that octopus may have consumed large proportion of shells, reducing densities below those required to have an impact on algae cover. | Lessons reported: Even heavily fished reefs that have been depleted of herbivores can have sufficient densities of octopus to feed on trochus shells. Therefore, the authors recommend adding refugia for trochus grazers that protect them from predators. | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Growth of transplanted Acropora tenuis 2 years after egg culture | Technique: Coral Gardening - Transplantation Phase | Genera: Acropora | Method: A. tenuis (a hermaphroditic coral species) grown from fertilised eggs in cages 2m above seafloor (12-18 months), out planted using pegs and underwater glue. Nursery cages contained trochus shells to control algae. | Survival of transplants reported by the source: 89% | Post-restoration monitoring: 6 months | Authors' conclusion: Ability to culture A. tenuis from eggs through successful transplantation and growth of juveniles on degraded reefs represents a valuable tool in reef restoration. | Lessons reported: None | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Differential physiological responses of two congeneric scleractinian corals to mineral accretion and an electric field. | Technique: Substrate Enhancement - Electric | Genera: Acropora | Method: Field experiment testing benefits of electrochemical vs electric field in coral nurseries. Treatments: 5 x 42 nubbins grown on electrified steel frames, 5 x 42 nubbins grown on bamboo frames within electrical field, 4 x 42 nubbins grown on bamboo trays outside of electric field (control) | Survival of transplants reported by the source: 88.6667% | Post-restoration monitoring: 4 months | Authors' conclusion: Direct exposure to electrical current (ie attached to a cathode) did not increase survival of coral fragments after 4 months. Growth was fastest for both species inside the electric field. A pulchra had higher zoox and chlorophyll a densities on cathode compared to electric field and controls. | Lessons reported: The suggested benefits of mineral accretion technology vary between species. Except for chl a concentrations, the cathode had a significant adverse effect on all measured variables for A. yongei but not for A. pulchra. A pulchra had increased zooxs and chlorophyll a densities on the cathode, yet did not exhibit a corresponding fast growth and low mortality. | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: The culture, transplantation and storage of Montastraea faveolata, Acropora cervicornis and Acropora palmata: What we have learned so far. | Technique: Coral Gardening - Nursery Phase | Disturbance addressed: ship grounding | Genera: Acropora | Method: Experiment 2 tests different nursery type for branching corals (closed aquaria, open systems or in situ field arrays). 7cm fragments were taken from donor colonies, and mounted onto plates using epoxy. Half of the fragments were reared ex situ in a flow through outdoor aquarium system, while half were reared in an in situ shallow nursery site (on a vertical tree-like construction) | Survival of transplants reported by the source: 95.8333% | Post-restoration monitoring: 10 months | Authors' conclusion: No difference in linear extension between in situ and ex situ nurseries for A. cervicornis, however the basal width was significantly larger in the tank compare to the field.In contrast A. palmata colonies had higher linear extension and mineral accretion in the field compared to ex situ nurseries, however the basal growth was larger in the tanks compared to field nurseries. Tank reared A cervicornis exhibited limited branching while field colonies formed multiple branches during the study period. | Lessons reported: Growing in tanks allowed bases to develop which may be advantageous when outplanting, however the reduced water movement may have resulted in reduced branching. | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: The culture, transplantation and storage of Montastraea faveolata, Acropora cervicornis and Acropora palmata: What we have learned so far. | Technique: Transplantation | Disturbance addressed: ship grounding | Genera: Montipora, Acropora | Method: Experiment 3 tests outplanting without a nursery phase. M. faveolata cores on poles, and A cervicornis fragments were placed either in aquaria, on an in situ array, or directly on to the reef substrate. | Survival of transplants reported by the source: 21.4286% | Authors' conclusion: Fragments in aquaria had issues with disease and suffered high mortality. Field fragment of both species did better, however a large hurricane dislodged and buried a large amount of the fragments, so survival and growth measurements were impossible after that. | Lessons reported: - Closed aquaria allows for monitoring and maintenance, however growth morphology is affected.This is also the most expensive method (both time/cost). Disease was an issue in this experiment, however the authors suggest using a quarantine tank to safeguard against introduced pathogens. - Open aquaria require less maintenance but require high water quality.Acroporids grew slower in these tanks com… | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Strategies for Gardening Denuded Coral Reef Areas: The Applicability of Using Different Types of Coral Material for Reef Restoration. | Technique: Coral Gardening - Nursery Phase | Genera: Stylophora | Method: Donor experiment: testing effects of differing amount of damage to donor colonies (10, 20, 30%), on reproductive activity. | Survival of transplants reported by the source: 0% | Post-restoration monitoring: 24 months | Authors' conclusion: Donor colonies with >10% damage suffered 100% mortality within a month, while colonies with 10% damage survived longer (12-17 months). Eventually 100% of colonies died. Pruning during gametogenesis immediately reduces reproductive capacity, however this is restored after 5 months? | Lessons reported: Prune less than 10% of donor colonies | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Strategies for Gardening Denuded Coral Reef Areas: The Applicability of Using Different Types of Coral Material for Reef Restoration. | Technique: Coral Gardening - Transplantation Phase | Disturbance addressed: Diver damage | Genera: Stylophora | Method: Transplant experiment: test survival of fragments on two sites: one highly visited by scuba divers and one protected | Survival of transplants reported by the source: 53.75% | Post-restoration monitoring: 6 months | Authors' conclusion: Higher survival (83%) on protected site, compared to site with heavy scuba diving pressure (25%). Isolated branches of S. pistillata had higher survivorship than small colonies, however the small colonies grew 10 times faster than isolated branches. | Lessons reported: Small colonies can successfully be relocated from high disturbance sites into nurseries | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Strategies for Gardening Denuded Coral Reef Areas: The Applicability of Using Different Types of Coral Material for Reef Restoration. | Technique: Coral Gardening - Transplantation Phase | Genera: Stylophora | Method: Attachment procedures experiment: growth of fragments compared between treatments (fragments individually held by plastic clips, or in plastic trays) | Survival of transplants reported by the source: 54% | Post-restoration monitoring: 6 months | Authors' conclusion: Higher survival (83%) in plastic crate compared to individual plastic clips on cement tiles (25%). | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Strategies for Gardening Denuded Coral Reef Areas: The Applicability of Using Different Types of Coral Material for Reef Restoration. | Technique: Coral Gardening - Nursery Phase | Genera: Stylophora | Method: Planula larvae of S. pistillata were collected and reared in a laboratory for 3 months, then placed in underwater nurseries | Survival of transplants reported by the source: 5% | Post-restoration monitoring: 1 months | Authors' conclusion: 41% of spats survived the nursery phase (3 month), while 5 % survived 1 month after transplanting | Lessons reported: Low survival but high growth of survivors. Relies on using a species which reproduces several months of the year ( ie not a broadcasting species). Expensive because it requires ex situ maintenance of larvae. | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Mid-water rope nursery-Testing design and performance of a novel reef restoration instrument. | Technique: Coral Gardening - Nursery Phase | Genera: Montipora, Echinopora, Pocillopora | Method: Experiment testing three different types of rope nurseries: 1) Floats on surface, 2) attached on bottom with ropes, 3) attached to bottom with legs. Methods specifically target separate genotypes of colonies within the same species to increase genotypic diversity | Survival of transplants reported by the source: 72.8385% | Post-restoration monitoring: 10 months | Authors' conclusion: Growth and survival vary between genotypes of the same species. Survival is highest in rope nurseries tied to the bottom, compared to those floating on the surface (presumably due to wave action). Branching species have a higher survival, compared to encrusting species. | Lessons reported: Nurseries attached to surface increase movement of colonies, encourages unusual growth forms, lower growth and survival. May still be suitable for places with high tidal movement (as bottom affixed nurseries will experience depth changes during tidal cycle). Use larger fragments for encrusting species, to ensure survival. | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Scaling up Acropora nurseries in the Caribbean and improving techniques. | Technique: Coral Gardening - Nursery Phase | Disturbance addressed: Ship grounding | Genera: Acropora | Method: Damaged fragments of Acropora cervicornis were cached in nurseries during emergency restoration, and line nurseries were set up to grow additional corals for restoration. Growth rates (linear and maximum diameter) and survival of 712 colonies were monitored for one year examining the effects of genotype, depth and attachment method. | Survival of transplants reported by the source: 95.5% | Post-restoration monitoring: 12 months | Authors' conclusion: Coated wire had the lowest mortality (2.6%), and cable ties had the highest mortality (12.5%). Fragments placed at deeper depths had significantly higher growth rates than corals placed at shallower depths. Survival and growth rates also varied between genotypes. | Lessons reported: The line nurseries produced high survival and growth rates, required low maintenance and held up well during storm events. Given the decline in A. cervicornis populations in the Caribbean over the last few decades and the current focus on scaling up nurseries in the Caribbean, the results and techniques presented here are useful for the development of future nursery operations. | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Growing corals in line and floating nurseries at Tayrona Park. | Technique: Coral Gardening - Nursery Phase | Genera: Acropora | Method: Experiment testing growth and survival of fragments in line and floating nurseries. Opportunistic study of bleaching survival on nurseries vs reef corals. | Post-restoration monitoring: 18 months | Authors' conclusion: No significant differences between nurseries survivorship and growth in the first 7 months. Higher survival of coral fragments on nurseries (95%) compared to natural reef population (10-90%) during bleaching event | Lessons reported: n/a | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: In Situ Coral Nurseries Serve as Genetic Repositories for Coral Reef Restoration after an Extreme Cold‐Water Event. | Technique: Coral Gardening - Nursery Phase | Genera: Acropora | Method: Experiment testing whether wild and nursery bred coral colonies have a different tolerance for cold water exposure. Line or block nurseries. | Post-restoration monitoring: 1 months | Authors' conclusion: Higher survival of coral fragments on nurseries due to less exposure to cold. Nurseries may serve as genetic repositories for wild populations. | Lessons reported: Strategic deployment of nurseries in areas with lower risk may safeguard genetic material and diversity | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Farming of the fire‐coral Millepora alcicornis for reef restoration purposes: the influence of inclination on growth. | Technique: Coral Gardening - Nursery Phase | Genera: Millepora | Method: Coral fragments on trays, oriented horizontally and vertically. | Survival of transplants reported by the source: 100% | Post-restoration monitoring: 3 months | Authors' conclusion: While horizontal nubbins grew more branch tips, vertical nubbins had higher growth. Authors speculate that orientation of fragment should be guided by objective: Fast growth=vertical, increase 3D complexity=horizontal orientation. | Lessons reported: If nubbins are to be used as new donor colonies, they should be grown horizontally, since number of branch tips are increased in that orientation. | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Rearing juvenile “corals of opportunity” in in situ nurseries – A reef rehabilitation approach for sediment-impacted environments. | Technique: Coral Gardening - Nursery Phase | Genera: Pectinia | Method: Coral juveniles (<4.5cm) collected on unstable substrate, reared in flow through aquaria ex situ . After rearing for 4-5 weeks, they were placed on PVC trays at an in situ nursery site. Coral sorted into size classes | Survival of transplants reported by the source: 81.05% | Post-restoration monitoring: 5 months | Authors' conclusion: Using juvenile COP's is a viable coral gardening strategy. No difference in survival between size classes, however larger COP's grew faster than smaller ones. Differences in growth seem to not be related to sedimentation rates | Lessons reported: Transportation stress may increase mortality. In species which stresses easily by fragmentation, using juvenile COP's may be an option that increases survival and growth. | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Low-tech coral reef restoration methods modeled after natural fragmentation processes. | Technique: Coral Gardening - Nursery Phase | Genera: Acropora | Method: Factorial design testing three coral varieties (A. cervicornis back and front reef varieties, A prolifera back reef variety). Line nursery on rubble zones of back reef | Post-restoration monitoring: 7 months | Authors' conclusion: Differences between varieties in survival. Survival highest in species harvested from similar habitat to nursery location. (I.E back reef variety). Front reef varieties retain growth morphology adapted to front reef conditions, even when grown under backreef conditions | Lessons reported: Line nurseries can survive a substantial hurricane, however some fragment damage is likely to occur. Fast growing branching species can be "pruned" to control growth and allow slower growing coral to catch up. This would also serve as a sustainable source of fragments. | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Low-tech coral reef restoration methods modeled after natural fragmentation processes. | Technique: Coral Gardening - Nursery Phase | Genera: Acropora | Method: Factorial design testing growth and mortality of different coral fragment sizes. Apical tips of branches of three size classes used | Post-restoration monitoring: 6 months | Authors' conclusion: Smaller fragments have higher mortality | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Low-tech coral reef restoration methods modeled after natural fragmentation processes. | Technique: Coral Gardening - Nursery Phase | Genera: Acropora | Method: Factorial experiment testing the effect of fragment age (position within colony) on survival | Post-restoration monitoring: 7 months | Authors' conclusion: Younger fragments have higher mortality | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Low-tech coral reef restoration methods modeled after natural fragmentation processes. | Technique: Coral Gardening - Transplantation Phase | Genera: Acropora | Method: Factorial experiment testing the effect of substrate type and location on survival,growth and overgrowth of fragments. Fragments placed on 1) sand, 2) in contact with sand, supported by tray, 3) 5-10 cm above sand | Post-restoration monitoring: 12 months | Authors' conclusion: 100% of fragments on sand died, while ~80% survived on trays suspended above sand. Fragments placed on rubble, or in contact with sand suffered intermediate mortality. | Lessons reported: Fragments grown suspended above sand will overgrow mesh and form a strong attachment to mesh within 2 months, however this attachment was lost within a year. Fragments on weighted frames can survive a strong hurricane. | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Can self-fertilizing coral species be used to enhance restoration of Caribbean reefs? | Technique: Coral Gardening - Transplantation Phase | Genera: Porites | Method: Testing survival/growth/ reproductive capacity of brooding corals after cutting in half (to increase output?) and outplanting at two different depths (9 & 24 metres). The corals used originated fom either 9 or 24m, and were tested ina factorial expriemnt. Also testing self-fertilisation rates in a separate genetic study. Measures growth through dye | Survival of transplants reported by the source: 94.875% | Post-restoration monitoring: 21 months | Authors' conclusion: Colonies moved from deep to shallow bleached at first, but recovered and were indistinguishable from shallow colonies after 10 months. There was no difference in survival between intact and divided colonies. Colonies that were moved from shallow to deep sites grew slower, while colonies that were moved in the opposite direction (deep to shallow) grew faster. Results for reproductive output were similar to growth, albeit less pronounced. | Lessons reported: Hermaphroditic brooders can survive handling and being split in half, and still produce reproductive output comparable to resident control colonies, and can therefore be valuable in restoration efforts. | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Coral reef restoration projects in Thailand. | Technique: Transplantation | Disturbance addressed: Sedimentation | Genera: n/a | Method: Coral colonies (hard & soft), fragments relocated from disturbance site to restored site | Survival of transplants reported by the source: 92% | Post-restoration monitoring: 6 months | Authors' conclusion: High survival of translocated colonies | Lessons reported: None | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Can Coral Cover be Restored in the Absence of Natural Recruitment and Reef Recovery? | Technique: Transplantation | Genera: Porites | Method: Testing whether P. cylindrica will survive in heavily degraded area where it is locally extinct. Survival growth compared between sites/ attachment orientation/attachment densities. Fragments attached in depressions created on bommies in sandy area. | Survival of transplants reported by the source: 90.25% | Post-restoration monitoring: 20 months | Authors' conclusion: High survival and growth of translocated colonies at both locations (sedimentation rates and depths differed) | Lessons reported: Fragments survive and grow better when transplanted to locations that are similar to their original habitats. | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Large coral transplantation in Bal Haf (Yemen): an opportunity to save corals during the construction of a Liquefied Natural Gas plant using innovative techniques | Technique: Transplantation | Disturbance addressed: Construction | Genera: Acropora, Porites, Platygyra, Stylophora, Favites, Montipora, Pavona | Method: 1,500 coral colonies belonging to 36 species and 25 genera were removed from areas to be impacted, transported and cemented in new sites. 140 large Porites spp. weighing from 200 kg up to 4 tonnes, were moved using new transplantation techniques. Growth, in situ mortality and health of the transplants were monitored over one year using photo quadrats, close-up pictures and linear growth measurements. | Survival of transplants reported by the source: 89% | Post-restoration monitoring: 14 months | Authors' conclusion: Overall, survival of corals one year after transplantation was 91%. Most losses of transplants were due to sedimentation, fish predation, fisher activity and swell effects. Evidence of coral growth after transplantation was observed, especially in Acropora and Porites species, and on some faviids. | Lessons reported: The use of a screws drilled directly into the coral skeleton to fix to lifting balloons was an innovative technique to transport large corals. | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Experimental Assessment of Coral Reef Rehabilitation Following Blast Fishing | Technique: Substrate Stabilisation | Disturbance addressed: Destructive fishing | Genera: n/a | Method: Small scale pilot experiment (1m2) of three rubble stabilisation techniques: 1)fishing net attached to rubble, 2) cement slabs pinned to rubble, 3) piles of rocks attached to rubble. Sites were not recruitment limited based on previous surveys. | Post-restoration monitoring: 36 months | Authors' conclusion: Rock piles had the highest recruitment and cover of hard corals after three years, followed by cement and netting, compared to control sites (no treatment). However, many sites (including rubble piles) were degraded over time, by water movement. | Lessons reported: Rock piles need to be stabilised to ensure longevity | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Experimental Assessment of Coral Reef Rehabilitation Following Blast Fishing. | Technique: Substrate Stabilisation | Disturbance addressed: Destructive fishing | Genera: n/a | Method: Mid-scale experiment, building on pilot study of stabilisation techniques on reefs damaged by dynamite fishing. Rubble piles were piled higher (70-90cm) than in pilot to prevent burial in high currents. | Post-restoration monitoring: 36 months | Authors' conclusion: Coral counts and cover increased substantially on rock piles compared to control sites. Some high current sites low or decreasing coral cover over time, | Lessons reported: Rock piles in areas of high water movement get covered in rubble | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Experimental Assessment of Coral Reef Rehabilitation Following Blast Fishing. 19:98–107. | Technique: Substrate Stabilisation | Disturbance addressed: Destructive fishing | Genera: n/a | Method: Large scale experiment testing rock piles in four types of configuration, designed to limit encroachment by rubble: 1) complete coverage, 2) rock piles, 3) spur and groove parallel to current, 4) spur and groove perpendicular to current | Post-restoration monitoring: 72 months | Authors' conclusion: Coral cover, recruit size and fish abundance/diversity was higher on restored sites, compared to control sites. No clear data on different substrate enhancement types. High variability in success of various substrates stabilisation techniques between sites and stabilisation types. Success was highest at moderate current sites, compared to sites with high or low current. | Lessons reported: Some heavier corals stopped being supported by the rubble piles - stabilisation of piles may be needed to ensure longevity. Technique only relevant where access to quarried rocks is relatively easy and cheap. | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Coral degradation and ability of rehabilitation of coral reefs in Co To Archipelago, Quang Ninh province, Vietnam. | Technique: Transplantation | Disturbance addressed: Destructive fishing | Genera: n/a | Method: Fragments from donor colonies ('coral seed'?) out planted onto ReefBalls and existing hard substrate (dead coral) | Survival of transplants reported by the source: 88.3% | Post-restoration monitoring: 24 months | Authors' conclusion: High survival of fragments on reef balls, but low survival on hard substrate. | Lessons reported: The authors conclude that the method of attachment on stakes was insufficient to stop fragments from becoming dislodged. New fragments attracted Drupella, which caused increased mortality. | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Success of mass culture of Acropora corals from egg to colony in open water. | Technique: Coral Gardening - Nursery Phase | Genera: Acropora | Method: Coral larvae induced to settle inside floating plastic cages to reduce issues with sedimentation, bioerosion and coral livores. Cages also contained topshell juveniles (Trochus nilocitus) to control algae and other fouling organisms. | Post-restoration monitoring: 9 months | Authors' conclusion: Colonies inside cages grew to ~40mm in 9 months. 100% mortality in cages without trochus topsnails | Lessons reported: Including trochus top nails inside cages can control fouling organisms like algae, sponges, hydroids and tunicates. | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Regional restoration benchmarks for Acropora cervicornis. | Technique: Coral Gardening | Genera: Acropora | Method: In situ coral nurseries populated with fragments collected from donor colonies (<10% collected, donor colonies selected based on size and condition). out planted after 1 year. Donor colonies monitored for 12 months following collection. Some overlap with Johnson et al 2011 | Survival of transplants reported by the source: 88% | Post-restoration monitoring: 12 months | Authors' conclusion: No negative effects (disease, mortality, growth) on donor colonies in any location. High survival on nurseries (90.8%) and outplants (85.2). The study proposes benchmarks which can be used to assess the success of other A. cervicornis projects: -75% donor survival in first year -80% survival of nursery fragments in first year -77% survival of out planted colonies in the first year Projects within 10% of benchmarks=Green (doing well), 10-20% = yellow (some changes needed), and >20% = red (issues needs to be addressed) | Lessons reported: n/a | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Survival and growth of coral transplants in Central Philippines Kalikasan, | Technique: Transplantation | Genera: Acropora, Euphyllia, Montipora, Turbinaria, Seriatopora, Heliopora, Pocillopora, Millepora, Stylophora, Hydnophora, Porites, Symphyllia, Pavona | Method: Fragments from nearby donor colonies were fixed with ordinary cement in depressions in the rocky substrate. | Survival of transplants reported by the source: 60.4375% | Post-restoration monitoring: 13 months | Authors' conclusion: Different levels of survival at the two sites tested (40 vs 71%), how were the reason for low survival are unknown. | Lessons reported: none | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: One Rational Strategy for Restoration of Coral Reefs: Application of Molecular Biological Tools to Select Sites for Rehabilitation by Asexual Recruits. | Technique: Transplantation | Genera: Acropora, Stylophora, Pocillopora, Favia | Method: Transplantation of fragments using donor colonies that have been analysed to be of high health using molecular tools? Also testing survival rate between fragments attached with resin to mesh, vs those just pushed in to the mesh without resin. | Survival of transplants reported by the source: 46.4923% | Post-restoration monitoring: 12 months | Authors' conclusion: Higher survival of corals at sites with better water quality indicates corals require high water quality to survive and grow. | Lessons reported: Attaching nubbins in mesh with epoxy resin ensures their survival during turbulent conditions. | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Caging enhances post-settlement survival of juveniles of the scleractinian coral Acropora tenuis. | Technique: Coral Gardening - Transplantation Phase | Genera: Acropora | Method: Transplanting spats (6 week old) of corals that had spawned ex situ. Testing the effects of cages to protect spats from herbivores and other grazers. | Survival of transplants reported by the source: 22.775% | Post-restoration monitoring: 3 months | Authors' conclusion: Significant higher survival of 6 week old spats in cages compared to uncaged, although no significant difference in survival between closed and open cages. Significantly higher levels of macroalgae in caged vs open cage and no cage indicate this is not due to herbivory. | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: The culture, transplantation and storage of Montastraea faveolata, Acropora cervicornis and Acropora palmata: What we have learned so far. | Technique: Coral Gardening | Disturbance addressed: ship grounding | Genera: Montastrea | Method: Experiment 1 tested minimum viable size of fragments, and outplant orientation. Montastraea faveolata cores were mounted on pickets and reared in aquaria (1 year), before being out planted (1 & 2 years). | Survival of transplants reported by the source: 63.8889% | Post-restoration monitoring: 24 months | Authors' conclusion: 100% survival in nurseries, 63% survival of out planted corals. No corals died in situ, but were lost from outplanting site.Orientation of out planted fragments did not affect growth or survival. There were significant year and site effects on growth. | Lessons reported: Cores grew tissue over epoxy, while cores with exposed skeletons remained exposed (ie the tissue did not cover the coral skeleton) allowing algae and boring invertebrates to colonise. | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Testing the effectiveness of direct propagation techniques for coral restoration of Acropora spp. | Technique: Larval Enhancement | Genera: Acropora | Method: Comparing the growth and survival of fragments vs sexaully produced coral propagules on sites with differing water flow regimes. Fragments attached directly onto restoration siet in tubes using zip ties. Gametes collected after spawning in the lab, allowed to fertilise and then reared for 5 days in ex situ aquaria until competent. The planula were then encouraged to settle onto ocean conditioned pushmounts (~15 per pushmount). After 4 days (=9 days post fertilisation) the mounts were transplant… | Survival of transplants reported by the source: 48.075% | Post-restoration monitoring: 18 months | Authors' conclusion: Mean growth of both species was significantly higher at the site with higher water flow. Survival was high for fragments, and not significantly different between sites, however survival of sexual propagules was relatively low, although significantly higher in the high flow site) | Lessons reported: Increase in density of larval settlement could increase survivorship by encouraging fusion of the polyps. Caging to reduce predation of recruits may also increase survival, but is difficult to scale up. | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Coral transplantation in sheltered habitats using unattached fragments and cultured colonies. | Technique: Transplantation | Genera: Acropora | Method: Pilot study of fragments on rubble. Fragments relocated and scattered over rubble. Coral cover and fish communities surveyed and compared to controls. | Post-restoration monitoring: 12 months | Authors' conclusion: Coral cover increased at site from 2.2% to 24.5%, with a concomitant increase in fish abundance from 17 fish in control plot, to 13 in restored plot. 75% of coral were attached to the substrate or each other. | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.