Ecosystem Assets

Published as: Interspecific hybridization may provide novel opportunities for coral reef restoration | Technique: Coral Gardening - Hybridization | Disturbance addressed: General degradation | Genera: Acropora | Method: Crossed two Acropora species pairs from the GBR and examined several phenotypic traits over 28 weeks of exposure to ambient and elevated temperature and pCO2. | Survival of transplants reported by the source: 31.0625% | Post-restoration monitoring: 6.4 months | Authors' conclusion: While elevated temperature and pCO2 conditions negatively affected size and survival of both purebreds and hybrids, higher survival and larger recruit size were observed in some of the hybrid offspring groups under both ambient and elevated conditions. Further, interspecific hybrids had high fertilization rates, normal embryonic development, and similar Symbiodinium uptake and photochemical efficiency as purebred offspring. | Lessons reported: While the fitness of these hybrids in the field and their reproductive and backcrossing potential remain to be investigated, current findings provide proof-of-concept that interspecific hybridization may produce genotypes with enhanced climate resilience, and has the potential to increase the success of coral reef restoration initiatives. | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Holyver Coral Garden Memorial | Technique: Coral gardening - transplantation, substrate addition - artificial reefs | Disturbance addressed: yes | Genera: Mixed | Method: Installed rock structures into a manicured garden in the shape of a 9.. The rocks appear natural and corals are transplanted onto the structures. They are designed to be interactive and educative for snorkel tours. | Post-restoration monitoring: 24 months | Authors' conclusion: Quantitative outcomes: Transplanted corals: 300 Number of species: 20 | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: A potential method for improving coral self-attachment | Technique: Coral Gardening - Nursery Phase | Genera: Hydnophora | Method: Tested whether fragments of the scleractinian coral Hydnophora rigida, artificially attached upside-down, would self-attach more rapidly to the substratum than those artificially attached the right way up, which is the normal practice. We also tested the effect of three different diets (unfed, normal Artemia, and lipid-enriched Artemia) on coral growth and other biological responses. | Post-restoration monitoring: 3.3 months | Authors' conclusion: After 100 days, corals fixed upside-down grew significantly wider and faster over the substratum than corals fixed the right way up. A significantly higher number of fragments fixed upside-down were also able to self-attach and grow over the substratum (87%) compared with fragments fixed the right way up (58%). Neither the buoyant weight, height increment, symbiont density, chlorophyll, maximum quantum yield nor color of corals fixed upside-down differed significantly from corals fixed the right way up. | Lessons reported: Inverting the orientation of coral fragments may substantially accelerate the time for self-attachment and increase the survival rate of translocated corals in restoration projects. | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Multivariate responses of the coral reef fish community to artificial structures and coral transplants | Technique: Transplantation | Genera: Acropora, Pocillopora | Method: The effects of artificial structures and coral transplants on fish abundance, number of species, and community composition were examined during a two-year study at three locations. Three experimental treatments (10 x 10 m rubble plots (a.) left untreated, (b.) covered with concrete structures, and (c.) covered with a combination of structures and coral fragments) were monitored using monthly underwater visual censuses. | Post-restoration monitoring: 24 months | Authors' conclusion: At the site with the lowest coral cover and structural complexity in the ambient reef, fish community responses were most marked, with an 8-fold increase in fish abundance in the Structures + Corals treatment compared to the untreated rubble plot. At the other two sites, abundance and number of species in the experimental treatments did not surpass that of the natural plots. | Lessons reported: Reef context is important in the selection of appropriate restoration measures. Results may differ depending on condition of the ambient reef. | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Reef restoration using seawater electrolysis in Jamaica | Technique: Transplantation | Disturbance addressed: not reported | Genera: n/a | Method: Electrodes were connected to corals transplanted onto artificial reef structures. | Authors' conclusion: In almost all cases transplanted corals healed quickly and were cemented within weeks. Transplanted corals grew skeletons at rates comparable to the highest values measured in the field, even though all sites had suboptimal water quality. | Lessons reported: Electrical currents help transplanted corals grow in sub-optimal conditions. | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Condition of restored Acropora palmata fragments off Mona Island, Puerto Rico, 2 years after the Fortuna Reefer ship grounding. | Technique: Transplantation | Disturbance addressed: Ship grounding | Genera: Acropora | Method: Nail and tie method used to attached fragments dislodged from a ship grounding | Post-restoration monitoring: 24 months | Authors' conclusion: Unable to determine mortality since only a subset of original branches were re-examined. Of those examined 57.5 % had live tissue remaining, and only 10% had fused to the substratum. No effect of orientation on growth. The data suggests larger fragments have a higher proportion live tissue | Lessons reported: Cable ties became dislodged with wave action, switched to stainless steel wire instead. However 73% of fragments examined had tissue mortality where the wire touched the coral | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Impacts of Fragment Genotype, Habitat, and Size on Outplanted Elkhorn Coral Success under Thermal Stress. | Technique: Coral Gardening - Transplantation Phase | Genera: Acropora | Method: Expt 2: 4 genotypes of A. palmata outplanted on 2 distinct habitat types, Fore reef (wave exposed) and patch reef (mid-channel) | Survival of transplants reported by the source: 56.25% | Post-restoration monitoring: 18 months | Authors' conclusion: Significant differences in both survival and growth between genotypes, while bleaching differed between genotypes, habitat and sites. No evidence to suggest that locally sourced genotypes (ie with local adaptations) would fare better than foreign genotypes. | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Coral transplantation as an aid to reef rehabilitation: evaluation of a case study in the Maldive Islands | Technique: Transplantation | Disturbance addressed: Coral mining | Genera: Acropora, Pocillopora, Porites, Favia, Favites, Montipora, Astreopora, Montastrea, Cyphastrea, Pavona, Psammacora, Symphyllia, Goniastrea, Leptastrea, Hydnophora, Galaxea, Heliopora | Method: Transplanting whole coral colonies from unmined reef to mined site. Colonies attached to concrete mat with concrete and/or nails. | Survival of transplants reported by the source: 51% | Post-restoration monitoring: 28 months | Authors' conclusion: A quarter of all transplanted corals were dislodged and lost, and overall 51% of colonies survived. A large proportion of colonies experienced negative growth, ie partial mortality. Natural recovery on contro sites was non-existent. | Lessons reported: The concrete mats also encourage and promote natural recovery through recruitment | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Restoration of the threatened Acropora cervicornis corals: intraspecific variation as a factor in mortality, growth, and self-attachment. | Technique: Transplantation | Disturbance addressed: General degradation | Genera: Acropora | Method: Donor coral thickets were selected from back reef areas and reef fronts, where morphological differences were observed. Fragments were sampled from within each colony and transplanted to metal frames in shallow back-reef areas. | Survival of transplants reported by the source: 65% | Post-restoration monitoring: 12 months | Authors' conclusion: Coral genotype accounted fo up to six-fold differences in relative growth, and was highly significant for all of the variables studied. Back reef and reef front populations of A. cervicornis corals differed significantly in relative growth, branch diameter, and attachment ability even after growing together for one year, suggesting a genetic basis to morphology and adaptation to their original environment. | Lessons reported: Frame culture was an effective method to produce second generation stock, with annual growth rates often over tenfold. | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Low-Tech Rehabilitation of Degraded Coral Reefs through Transplantation of Staghorn Corals | Technique: Transplantation | Disturbance addressed: General degradation | Genera: Acropora | Method: Staghorn corals were transplanted to investigate the effects of the following three factors: i) Attachment: Unattached corals were compared to corals tied together on strings. ii) Density: Corals were placed either densely with a cover of 30-40% or sparsely with a cover of 10-15%. iii) Site: The corals were transplanted to two sites (E and P) with different substrate and exposure to waves. The corals were transplanted to 32 plots in a fully orthogonal design, with 8 combinations of levels (two … | Post-restoration monitoring: 23 months | Authors' conclusion: After 23 months, the cover of the transplanted corals had increased by 51%, and other benthic species recruited. Coral cover increased more in the sparse treatment (per unit of transplanted coral), probably due to the lesser degree of competition between adjacent colonies | Lessons reported: The method of tying corals together with strings before placement on the seabed was effective and could be applied for rehabilitation of degraded coral reefs that are moderately exposed to water movements. | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Growing corals in line and floating nurseries at Tayrona Park. | Technique: Coral Gardening - Nursery Phase | Genera: Acropora | Method: Experiment testing growth and survival of fragments in line and floating nurseries. Opportunistic study of bleaching survival on nurseries vs reef corals. | Post-restoration monitoring: 18 months | Authors' conclusion: No significant differences between nurseries survivorship and growth in the first 7 months. Higher survival of coral fragments on nurseries (95%) compared to natural reef population (10-90%) during bleaching event | Lessons reported: n/a | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Low-tech coral reef restoration methods modeled after natural fragmentation processes. | Technique: Coral Gardening - Nursery Phase | Genera: Acropora | Method: Factorial design testing growth and mortality of different coral fragment sizes. Apical tips of branches of three size classes used | Post-restoration monitoring: 6 months | Authors' conclusion: Smaller fragments have higher mortality | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: How to Restore a Damaged Reef | Technique: Coral Gardening - Transplantation Phase | Disturbance addressed: yes | Genera: Mixed | Method: Following ship grounding, debris was vacuumed up, corals of opportunity collected from nearby reef. These had been dislodged due to large swell event, Target transplant locations were 1) pressure cleaned to clear away loose debris 2) coral bases cleaned to ensure smooth connection 3) attached to cement bases | Survival of transplants reported by the source: 89% | Post-restoration monitoring: 7 months | Authors' conclusion: 600 different coral species, diff sizes. After 1 year, 89% survival, fish communities reappearing/repopulating site, newly settled corals | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Transplanting a coral reef: A Singapore community project | Technique: Transplantation | Disturbance addressed: Land reclamation | Genera: n/a | Method: Description of relocation of corals in an area to be damaged by land reclamation, involving volunteers. | Survival of transplants reported by the source: 69% | Post-restoration monitoring: 6 months | Authors' conclusion: Colonies only survived if they were firmly wedged in crevices. One site was downstream of the construction site, and despite general survival of sediment-tolerant corals, sedimentation prevented further settlement. | Lessons reported: Successful involvement of volunteers | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Use of artificial reef structures to rehabilitate reef flats degraded by coral mining in the Maldives | Technique: Substrate Addition - Artificial reef | Disturbance addressed: Coral mining | Genera: Pocillopora, Acropora, Porites | Method: Concrete reef structures were deployed on a 1-2 m deep reef flat in the Maldives which was mined for coral. Fish and benthic communities were monitored. | Post-restoration monitoring: 15 months | Authors' conclusion: All structures were rapidly colonized by fish; the most structurally complex hosted fish abundance and species richness similar to undisturbed reef sites. However, the fish community structure was still markedly dissimilar to that of undegraded reef-flat sites. Structures were initially colonized by filamentous green algae (7 days), then barnacles (14 days), and subsequently by a diverse invertebrate community (6-8 weeks). First coral recruits were observed 6.5 months after emplacement. | Lessons reported: Higher structural complexity of artificial reefs will attract higher density and diversity of organisms. | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Coral transplantation in sheltered habitats using unattached fragments and cultured colonies. | Technique: Transplantation | Genera: Acropora | Method: Testing survival and growth depending on different level of contact with the sand: 1) placed on sand,2) fragment supported but in contact with sand, 3) fragment not in contact with sand | Survival of transplants reported by the source: 60.4667% | Post-restoration monitoring: 3 months | Authors' conclusion: All fragments scattered on sand died, while those suspended above the substrate showed higher survival compared to those in contact with the sand for A cervicornis. This difference was not evident in A. prolifera. More than half of coral fragments on wire frames had attached to the frame after 3 months. | Lessons reported: Fragments are more resilient to storms if attached above the substrate, and less prone to smothering. | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: An evaluation of artificial reef structures as tools for marine habitat rehabilitation in the Maldives. | Technique: Substrate Addition - Artificial reef, Substrate stabilisation | Disturbance addressed: Coral mining | Genera: Pocillopora, Acropora, Porites | Method: 360 t of concrete structures of varying levels of topographic complexity, stabilising effect and cost were deployed on a heavily mined study site close to the capital island, Male´. | Post-restoration monitoring: 42 months | Authors' conclusion: Within 1 year of deployment, the artificial reef structures had similar or greater species richness and densities of reef fish than did control pristine reef flats. Substantial coral recruitment had occurred on the larger reef structures which were each supporting ca. 500 colonies, some of which were approaching 25 cm in diameter after 3.5 years. | Lessons reported: Concrete artificial reef structures can satisfy the critical biological requirements (i.e. provide substrate for the settlement and growth of corals and habitat to restore reef fish populations) associated with reef rehabilitation. However, artificial reef structures are costly, time consuming and unlikely to simulate natural reefs for decades. | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Le Meridien Koh Samui Shoreline Enhancement Project | Technique: substrate addition - artificial reef, coral gardening - transplantation | Disturbance addressed: yes | Genera: Mixed | Method: Transplant corals onto metal frames and pieces of reef rubble, algae removal undertaken | Authors' conclusion: Quantitative outcomes: 400 corals transplanted, 3 coral species, 36 fish species | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Expansion of the Puerto Rico Low-Tech Coral Aquaculture and Coral Reef Rehabilitation Project. | Technique: Coral Gardening | Disturbance addressed: General degradation | Genera: Acropora | Method: Coral nurseries and outplanting to restore degraded coral reefs. | Survival of transplants reported by the source: 73% | Post-restoration monitoring: 24 months | Authors' conclusion: Staghorn coral outplanting was also highly successful in restocking depleted populations. Further, outplanting also resulted in a significant enhancing of reef fish communities, particularly with juvenile individuals. Restored sites have shown a significant increase in fish species richness, abundance and biomass, in comparison to control sites. Also, non-MPA restored areas support more fish than those at control non-MPA sites. | Lessons reported: Differences in different nursery styles | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Survival and growth of Acropora spp. in mid-water nursery and after transplantation at Phi Phi Islands, Andaman Sea, Thailand. | Technique: Coral Gardening | Disturbance addressed: Tsunami | Genera: Acropora | Method: Corals reared for 4 months in mid water nursery, consisting of trays suspended at 6 m depth with floats and anchors. | Survival of transplants reported by the source: 81.15% | Post-restoration monitoring: 12 months | Authors' conclusion: Fragments of A. muricata and A. grandis had high survivorship both in nursery (95%) and after transplantation (81%), and the authors recommend the coral species as suitable for nursery and transplantation in the Andaman Sea. | Lessons reported: Relatively few transplanted corals grew tissue/skeleton over the metal bar. No description of metal bar type etc in paper | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Coral Nursery | Technique: Coral Gardening - Nursery Phase | Disturbance addressed: yes | Genera: Acropora | Method: The coral nurseries are rows of “trees” (PVC trunks with fiberglass rods running through the trunk) that are tethered to the bottom with sand anchors and buoyed with floats that sit just below the surface. | Post-restoration monitoring: 9 months | Lessons reported: The Coral Tree nursery, has proved to be an efficient and effective way to grow second and third generations of corals, through fragmentation. In this way, the Coral Tree nurseries become a self-sustaining to grow corals. | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Antigua Maiden Island Reef Restoration | Technique: Coral gardening - transplantation, substrate addition - artificial reefs | Genera: Mixed | Method: Twenty one boatloads of corals (17.5 tons, 5000+ coral colonies) were removed from danger and transported to Maiden Island. | Survival of transplants reported by the source: 95% | Post-restoration monitoring: 24 months | Lessons reported: The big advantage, however, of the attachment adapter system is volume. Using traditional methods, a skilled diver may plant 10 corals in an hour. Using the Reef Ball plug system a relatively unskilled diver can transplant 100 corals or more per hour. This ten fold increase in efficiency and ability to use quickly trained volunteers instead of life long experts makes coral restoration practical o… | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Elaborating an Eco-Engineering Approach for Stock Enhanced Sexually Derived Coral Colonies. | Technique: Coral Gardening - Nursery Phase | Genera: Stylophora | Method: Testing different methods of growing corals in situ from sexually-derived coral larvae. Larvae were collected during spawning, encouraged to settle on plastic film, and housed ex situ for 1-2 months. Settlers were then placed on plastic pins, and transferred to mid-water nurseries. Trays were covered with mesh cages for 9 months. Two orientations (horizontal/vertical) and nursery substrates (fishing net/ropes) were tested, although this experiment was not fully factorial (no horizontal position… | Survival of transplants reported by the source: 45.06% | Post-restoration monitoring: 22.6 months | Authors' conclusion: 80% of corals can survive until two years, when reared ex situ for 1-2 months, and then housed in in-situ mid-water nurseries. (Note: mismatch between reported % survival and figure. Survival % reported here derived from figure 5) | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Thermal stress reveals a genotype-specific tradeoff between growth and tissue loss in restored Acropora cervicornis | Technique: Coral Gardening - Transplantation Phase | Genera: Acropora | Method: Conducted a 21 mo field experiment to examine the influence of genotypic identity and diversity on coral growth, habitat production, and survivorship in restored corals. Used nursery-raised colonies of Acropora cervicornis to establish populations of either 1, 2, 4, or 6 distinct genotypes. A thermal stress event allowed the testing of thermal tolerance in different genotypes. | Survival of transplants reported by the source: 60.45% | Post-restoration monitoring: 21 months | Authors' conclusion: After 21 mo there was no effect of genotypic diversity on restored corals, but genotypes differed 3-fold in survivorship and 20 to 327% in habitat production. Initial growth rates showed a significant positive relationship with live tissue loss at the end of the experiment, suggesting a tradeoff between growth and the ability to recover from thermal stress. Our study suggests that genotypic identity is a critical factor to incorporate into coral restoration planning. | Lessons reported: Investigating the role of genotypic identity and diversity on the ability of restored corals to resist pervasive coral reef stressors, such as disease, predator outbreaks, and nutrient pollution, are critical steps in advancing coral restoration efforts. | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Noranda Bauxite project in Discovery Bay | Technique: substrate addition - artificial reefs, coral gardening - transplantation | Disturbance addressed: yes | Genera: Mixed | Method: Corals of opportunity transplanted onto Ecoreefs. 500 EcoReefs installed. 1200 nursery grown coral branch tips transplanted to the installation in July 2012. | Post-restoration monitoring: 12 months | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: One Rational Strategy for Restoration of Coral Reefs: Application of Molecular Biological Tools to Select Sites for Rehabilitation by Asexual Recruits. | Technique: Transplantation | Genera: Acropora, Stylophora, Pocillopora, Favia | Method: Transplantation of fragments using donor colonies that have been analysed to be of high health using molecular tools? Also testing survival rate between fragments attached with resin to mesh, vs those just pushed in to the mesh without resin. | Survival of transplants reported by the source: 46.4923% | Post-restoration monitoring: 12 months | Authors' conclusion: Higher survival of corals at sites with better water quality indicates corals require high water quality to survive and grow. | Lessons reported: Attaching nubbins in mesh with epoxy resin ensures their survival during turbulent conditions. | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: The cultivation of massive corals using “micro-fragmentation” for the “reskinning” of degraded coral reefs | Technique: Coral Gardening - Microfragmentation | Genera: Montastrea, Orbicella, Diploria | Method: A diamond band saw was used to cut 1cm2 fragment from massive coral skeletons. The fragments were then mounted on tiles. The tiles are kept in indoor ex situ aquaria for 1 week, until fragments heal over their cuts. The tiles are then moved to outdoor tanks, until fragments have covered the tiles (4-12 months). | Survival of transplants reported by the source: 99.5667% | Authors' conclusion: The marine lab has 4347 microfragments in culture, with survival exceeding 99% | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Demographics and dynamics of two restored populations of the threatened reef-building coral Acropora cervicornis. | Technique: Coral Gardening - Transplantation Phase | Disturbance addressed: General degradation | Genera: Acropora | Method: Nursery-reared fragments of A. cervicornis were transplanted to two reefs in Puerto Rico as part of a reef rehabilitation program, and their survival, growth, and branch production were measured for a year. The effect of the restoration on the dynamics and viability of the fragment populations was tested with a model. | Survival of transplants reported by the source: 63.525% | Post-restoration monitoring: 12 months | Authors' conclusion: Survival of outplanted fragments was > 60%, with no difference between fragment size. Large fragments (≥25 cm) grew faster and tended to produce more branches than smaller ones. Model simulations indicate that in the absence of recruitment and intervention, restored populations will decrease below a quasi-extinction level of 25% of the initial population size after 3 years. Transplanting at least 20 colony fragments per year (12%of initial population) is sufficient to keep the restored populations above the threshold. | Lessons reported: Minimum maintenance of restoration efforts to avoid extinction was simulated. | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Testing the effectiveness of direct propagation techniques for coral restoration of Acropora spp. | Technique: Larval Enhancement | Genera: Acropora | Method: Comparing the growth and survival of fragments vs sexaully produced coral propagules on sites with differing water flow regimes. Fragments attached directly onto restoration siet in tubes using zip ties. Gametes collected after spawning in the lab, allowed to fertilise and then reared for 5 days in ex situ aquaria until competent. The planula were then encouraged to settle onto ocean conditioned pushmounts (~15 per pushmount). After 4 days (=9 days post fertilisation) the mounts were transplant… | Survival of transplants reported by the source: 48.075% | Post-restoration monitoring: 18 months | Authors' conclusion: Mean growth of both species was significantly higher at the site with higher water flow. Survival was high for fragments, and not significantly different between sites, however survival of sexual propagules was relatively low, although significantly higher in the high flow site) | Lessons reported: Increase in density of larval settlement could increase survivorship by encouraging fusion of the polyps. Caging to reduce predation of recruits may also increase survival, but is difficult to scale up. | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Transplantation of coral fragments from ship groundings on electrochemically formed reef structures | Technique: Substrate Enhancement - Electric | Disturbance addressed: Ship Grounding | Genera: Acropora, Stylophora, Porites, Echinopora, Goniopora, Pocillopora, Hydnophora, Millepora | Method: Coral fragments transplanted onto steel mesh which is electrified to encourage the electrochemical deposition of calcium. Tent-like/pyramid shaped structures were tested as trays for coral fragment nurseries. | Survival of transplants reported by the source: 93.5% | Post-restoration monitoring: 6 months | Authors' conclusion: Applying electricity enhances restoration success by providing a nature-like substrate, using coral nubbins speeds up recolonisation | Lessons reported: Mount nurseries on poles to avoid Drupella infestations, All Pocilloporid nubbins died | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Holistic approach to reef protection (HARP). Phase III: Impacts of bleaching & establishment of coral nurseries. Dhigu (South Malé Atoll) and Kihavah (Baa Atoll), Maldives. | Technique: Coral Gardening - Nursery Phase | Disturbance addressed: yes | Genera: Acropora | Method: Corals of opportunity were transplanted either onto rope nurseries, metal tables, and some fragments were transplanted directly onto degraded areas. These were Acropora fragments cable tied to nails hammered into dead reef. | Survival of transplants reported by the source: 96% | Post-restoration monitoring: 4 months | Authors' conclusion: A dedicated staff member is needed to maintain nurseries, including removal of snails and crown of thorns starfish from frames/corals, cleaning sediment from corals and removing algae. Nurseries need weekly maintenance to survive and thrive. 96% survival on ropes, 87% survival on tables | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Early successional patterns of invertebrates in artificial reefs established at clear and silty areas in Bolinao, Pangasinan, Northern Philippines | Technique: Substrate Addition - Artificial reef | Disturbance addressed: General degradation | Genera: n/a | Method: Colonization and recruitment of invertebrates were studied in 32 tent-like concrete blocks used as artificial reefs in silty and in clear reef areas in Pangasinan, northern Philippines. Abundance, species richness and composition were compared between differently oriented surfaces on the blocks. | Post-restoration monitoring: 7 months | Authors' conclusion: Around 13 taxa of invertebrates were observed as early recruits on the patch reefs in the Clear site, and 11 taxa for the Silty site. In the Clear site, the total number of taxa of sessile and mobile organisms present on the AR blocks exhibited a generally increasing trend 4 months after deployment. Colonial ascidians were particularly dominant during the first 4 months. Cirripeds and anthozoans were observed only after 7 months. Benthic communities showed a distinct pattern with regards to their position within the blocks (whether inside, outside and/or sides). | Lessons reported: Block orientation and water clarity influence the development of benthic communities on artificial reefs | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Transplantation of benthic species to mitigate impacts of coastal development in Jamaica | Technique: Transplantation | Disturbance addressed: Dredging | Genera: Acropora | Method: Dredging in Kingston Harbour resulted in the removal of the northern portion of the shallow coral reef at Rackham’s Cay, sparking a proposal to transplant benthic species to an undisturbed area. Sixty thousand items, consisting of reef building massive and branching corals; gorgonians; urchins (Diadema and Tripneustes spp.) and Thalassia meristems were relocated. | Post-restoration monitoring: 18 months | Authors' conclusion: Enough of the corals have survived to be able to significantly increase the percent cover of coral at the relocation area. | Lessons reported: The relocation project reported here cost US$1.7 million and represents a landmark case in Jamaica ’s environmental process as the first significant attempt at mitigation by Jamaican environmental professionals who took the lead in calling for this type of mitigation and received full support from their Government counterparts. | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Seraya Kecil Coral Nurseries | Technique: Coral Gardening - Nursery Phase | Disturbance addressed: yes | Genera: Mixed | Method: Corals of opportunity are planted on metal coral nursery tables placed on the reef slope | Post-restoration monitoring: 24 months | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Technique: Coral Gardening - Nursery Phase | Disturbance addressed: yes | Genera: Acropora | Method: Nursery grown corals using the Coral Tree Nursery (TM) Method. | Post-restoration monitoring: 9 months | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: How quickly do fragments of coral "self-attach" after transplantation? | Technique: Transplantation | Genera: Acropora, Montipora, Pavona, Echinopora, Heliopora, Hydnophora, Pocillopora, Porites | Method: Fragments were collected from 25 colonies of 13 species and transplanted into a sheltered environment for two re-attachment experiments. The first experiment examined times to self-attachment in 11 species of differing morphologies from seven families over approximately 7 months, and the second experiment examined three fast-attaching Acropora species over approximately 1 month. | Post-restoration monitoring: 7 months | Authors' conclusion: In the first experiment, Acropora muricata had the fastest self-attachment time, while Echinopora lamellosa had the slowest. For the second experiment, A. muricata (branching) was significantly slower to self-attach than Acropora hyacinthus (tabular) and Acropora digitifera (corymbose digitate). Growth rates, growth form and life history may determine how quickly fragments of coral species self-attach after fragmentation and transplantation. | Lessons reported: Knowledge about self-attachment times is useful for reef restoration practitioners when selecting appropriate species for coral transplantation. If the transplant site is subjected to seasonal storms or wave surge coral transplants should be deployed so as to have time to self-attach before the onset of rough weather. | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Growth and survival of transplanted Acropora cervicornis in relation to coral reef restoration. Chapter 2: Seasonal Branching Patterns in transplanted reef-building corals Acropora Cervicornis and Acropora prolifera | Technique: Transplantation | Genera: Acropora | Method: 15 Artificially broken fragments (15-200mm) were transplanted to 3 sites from a parent colony four times per year (Acropora prolifera only one time in the Bahamas) corresponding to the seasons and monitored quarterly. Fragments were glued to PVC pipe (into a 2'' section of ½ '' PVC with Oately® epoxy putty) and attached to cement bricks adjacent to the reef they were collected. The weight, branching number and growth were measured quarterly. | Authors' conclusion: Seasonal variation in branching rates. Highest branching rate and growth rate during late spring/early summer and slowed or stopped during late summer/early fall. Earlier and more frequent branching in larger coral fragments. Growth rate and branching rate higher in A. prolifera than A. cervicornis, however linear extension to accretion (g/mm) not statistically different between species. | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: in: Johnson et al 2011, Caribbean Acropora restoration guide: best practices for propagation and population enhancement CASE STUDY 4 | Technique: Coral Gardening - Nursery Phase | Disturbance addressed: Ship Grounding | Genera: Acropora | Method: PVC structures on substrate | Survival of transplants reported by the source: 85% | Post-restoration monitoring: 36 months | Authors' conclusion: Successful outplanting of 3600 corals | Lessons reported: Space colonies further apart (>2m) to avoid predation by snails and fireworms. Choose a site near natural algae predators (ie Diadema and Echinometra). Build modular, rather than bigger, to reduce size and weight of structures, and growing fragments. | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Hope for coral reef rehabilitation: massive synchronous spawning by outplanted corals in Okinawa, Japan | Technique: Coral Gardening - Transplantation Phase | Genera: Acropora | Method: Nursery-reared corals outplanted on the periphery of existing colonies | Authors' conclusion: Large-scale synchronous spawning of outplanted corals. | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: in: Johnson et al 2011, Caribbean Acropora restoration guide: best practices for propagation and population enhancement CASE STUDY 3 | Technique: Coral Gardening - Nursery Phase | Disturbance addressed: Mechanical disturbance | Genera: Acropora | Method: Block nursery | Authors' conclusion: None mentioned | Lessons reported: Corals of opportunity may have lower health, and therefore lower survival, spread your risk | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Fixed and suspended coral nurseries in the Philippines: Establishing the first step in the “gardening concept” of reef restoration | Technique: Coral Gardening - Nursery Phase | Disturbance addressed: Destructive fishing | Genera: Merulina, Echinopora, Montipora, Pocillopora, Porites, Acropora, Montipora | Method: Leg fixed coral nurseries above substrate, populated with coral fragments collected from nearby reef. | Survival of transplants reported by the source: 88.2% | Post-restoration monitoring: 12 months | Authors' conclusion: No difference between fixed/suspended trays, mortality and growth species specific | Lessons reported: super glue not strong enough to hold non-branching species to mesh | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Effects of particulate matter released by a fish farm (Eilat, Red Sea) on survival and growth of Stylophora pistillata coral nubbins | Technique: Coral Gardening - Nursery Phase | Disturbance addressed: Pollution | Genera: Stylophora | Method: Tested the survival and growth of 1322 nubbins pruned from five colonies that were transplanted at a depth of 6 m in the vicinity of the fish cages and in a reference site. Nubbins were attached in three orientations (up, vertical and down positions). | Survival of transplants reported by the source: 93.5% | Post-restoration monitoring: 1.5 months | Authors' conclusion: After 50 days, survival was high in both localities and no difference was recorded between the spatial orientations. At the fish farm, burial of the nubbin_x0001_s lateral growths and partial coverage of nubbins by settled particulate matter resulted in significant reduction of the lateral growth rates of nubbins settled in the up position as compared to the reference site. On the other hand, faster growth rates were recorded in the vertical set of nubbins at the fish farm when compared with the IUI site. | Lessons reported: Physical effects, rather than nutrient enrichment, may constitute the main cause of stress for minute coral fragments (resembling coral recruits) growing near the vicinity of a fish farm. | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Restoring the underwater habitat at SEA Restaurant: Phase 1 | Technique: Coral Gardening | Disturbance addressed: yes | Genera: Tubastrea, Heliopora, Sinularia, Clathria, Sarcophyton, Lobophytum, Dendronephthya, Stichopathes, Amplexidiscus, Acropora, Alveopora, Astreopora, Cyphastrea, Diploastrea, Euphyllia, Favia, Favites, F… | Method: Transplanting remaining living coral around the underwater restaurant onto pre prepared frames and cement bases. Included corals, anemones and other inverts | Survival of transplants reported by the source: 98% | Post-restoration monitoring: 12 months | Authors' conclusion: Restoration of the platform surrounding SEA helped restore the three dimensional structure of the habitat providing refuge and feeding areas for coral reef fishes. | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Community Reef Restoration Efforts | Technique: Coral Gardening - Nursery Phase | Disturbance addressed: yes | Method: Farming coral nubbins in nurseries (Tables and rope) , cable tie fragments to cement disc, cable tie disc to tables. splicing rope and threading corals between | Survival of transplants reported by the source: 81% | Authors' conclusion: Since 2006, over 14,000 corals consisting of more than 25 species have been propagated and transplanted back to the reef in village MPAs and village youth have received basic training in cost-effective coral propagation techniques, reef ecology and fauna, and integrating this work into guiding snorkeling tours | Lessons reported: methods easy to learn by local communities, diversity of species is important, improving passive mgmt actions helps, strong governance is key, economic incentives help garner and maintain community support. Possible to incorporate eco-tourism | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Restoration using Acropora cervicornis at the T/V MARGARA grounding site | Technique: Substrate Stabilisation | Disturbance addressed: Ship grounding | Genera: Acropora | Method: Rubble was stabilised and loose colonies reattached. | Post-restoration monitoring: 108 months | Authors' conclusion: At the restoration site, transplanted corals have survived, grown and spread to surrounding areas. | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Long-term survival and colony growth of Acropora palmata fragments transplanted by volunteers for restoration | Technique: Transplantation | Genera: Acropora | Method: 832 storm-generated Acropora palmata fragments that had been transplanted over the course of 7 years were monitored 3 months and 1 year after transplanting, and annually thereafter. Growth and survival were analysed and modelled as a function of initial colony size and time since transplantation. | Survival of transplants reported by the source: 54.5714% | Post-restoration monitoring: 72 months | Authors' conclusion: Mortality was highest in the first year after transplanting, suggesting stress from handling or failure of the attachment method. Survival also varied with the year of transplantation, and was lowest in years with major storms (2007 and 2010). Fragment survival increased with increasing initial size. Colony size tended to decrease slightly in the first 3 months after being reattached, presumably due to stress from transplanting. Subsequently, the surface area of surviving colonies tended to increase over time. Colony growth was extremely variable and largely independent of initial colony size… | Lessons reported: Demographic monitoring of transplanted colonies should focus on the first year after transplantation. | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: The role of habitat creation in coral reef conservation: a case study from Aceh, Indonesia | Technique: Transplantation | Disturbance addressed: Tsunami | Genera: Acropora | Method: The artificial reefs consisted of concrete modules placed on the seabed of sand and rubble at depths of 2–9 m. Each module was c. 1.25 m2 and there were c. 260 modules in total. Once oysters had recruited to the blocks, c. 4–6 weeks after immersion, the blocks were scrubbed free of sessile life and live coral fragments were attached. Benthic and fish communities were monitored on five randomly selected artificial reefs and on nearby control reefs. | Post-restoration monitoring: 36 months | Authors' conclusion: Coral cover on artificial reef modules increased from a mean of 24% 1 year after the initial attachment of Acropora spp. coral fragments to 64% after 3 years. The artificial reef modules were also rapidly colonized by coral recruits, with densities nearly twice as high as recruit densities on natural reef substratum and with at least 23 coral taxa. The artificial reefs also supported at least 29 reef fish species from 11 families. | Lessons reported: Other benefits of this project included raising the awareness of reef conservation in the local community, promotion of tourism on Pulau Weh and job creation. We conclude, therefore, that habitat creation has a legitimate role as part of an integrated marine conservation strategy. | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Propagation of the threatened staghorn coral Acropora cervicornis: methods to minimize the impacts of fragment collection and maximize production | Technique: Coral Gardening - Nursery Phase | Disturbance addressed: General degradation | Genera: Acropora | Method: Staghorn colonies (30-295cm) had been growing in the nursery for 2 years. One 2.5 cm (small tip) and one 3.5 cm (large tip) fragment were collected from each donor colony, and an unfragmented control branch was chosen from each donor colony. A subset of colonies was chosen haphazardly as unfragmented controls. Growth was monitored. | Survival of transplants reported by the source: 64% | Post-restoration monitoring: 4.3 months | Authors' conclusion: The growth of colonies within the nursery exceeded the growth rates of wild staghorn colonies. The collection of branch tips did not result in any further mortality to the donor colonies. Donor branches grew faster than control branches after an initial recovery period of approximately 3–6 weeks. Fragmentation did not affect the growth rates of non-donor branches within the same colony. | Lessons reported: The collection of small (2.5–3.5 cm) branch tips was an effective propagation method for this branching coral species resulting in increased biomass accumulation and limited damage to parental stocks. | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Coral reef restoration projects in Thailand. | Technique: Transplantation | Disturbance addressed: Sedimentation | Genera: n/a | Method: Coral colonies (hard & soft), fragments relocated from disturbance site to restored site | Survival of transplants reported by the source: 92% | Post-restoration monitoring: 6 months | Authors' conclusion: High survival of translocated colonies | Lessons reported: None | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Ex situ transportation of coral larvae for research, conservation, and aquaculture | Technique: Coral Gardening - Nursery Phase | Genera: Acropora, Diploria | Method: Transported several thousand larvae of three broadcast spawners from the Indo Pacific and the Caribbean to Europe. | Survival of transplants reported by the source: 80.5053% | Authors' conclusion: Post-transport survival rates were mainly influenced by larvae density and transport duration. Optimum survival rates of >90% at densities of 4 larvae ml_x0001_-1 when not exceeding a transportation time of 4 days. | Lessons reported: Details of packaging, duration, logistics of long-distance transport | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Restoring the underwater habitat at SEA Restaurant, Antara, Kihavah: Phase II | Technique: Coral Gardening, Substrate addition, substrate stabilisation | Disturbance addressed: yes | Genera: Porites, Diploastrea, Gardineroseris, Physogyra, Psammocora, Pavona, Astreopora, Acropora, Favia, Favites, Platygyra, Lobophyllia, Symphyllia, Leptastrea, Goniopora, Goniastrea, Sarcophyton, Lobophyt… | Method: Transplanting corals from other parts of the reef onto the reef slope outside of the windows of the restaurant. It appears many of the corals were large and heavy enough to maintain stability and location. Other corals were then wedged in between the larger corals | Survival of transplants reported by the source: 95% | Post-restoration monitoring: 6 months | Authors' conclusion: Key outcomes: large influx of other reef organisms, especially motile fish and invertebrates by providing refuge and feeding areas. Added benefit of concentrating organisms such that the potential of successful reproduction during the annual spawning period is maximized, which has greater benefits for surrounding reefs and is likely to contribute to a faster recovery from the 2016 bleaching event. | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: The effect of different electrode voltages on transplanted coral growth rates and mineral accretions. | Technique: Substrate Enhancement - Electric | Genera: Acropora | Method: Transplanted corals were treated with 6 volts and 12 volts and compared with natural colonies nearby. | Survival of transplants reported by the source: 89% | Post-restoration monitoring: 3 months | Authors' conclusion: Mineral accretion was highest for the 12 volt treatment. | Lessons reported: Electrical current can enhance coral survival and growth. | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Scaling up Acropora nurseries in the Caribbean and improving techniques. | Technique: Coral Gardening - Nursery Phase | Disturbance addressed: Ship grounding | Genera: Acropora | Method: Damaged fragments of Acropora cervicornis were cached in nurseries during emergency restoration, and line nurseries were set up to grow additional corals for restoration. Growth rates (linear and maximum diameter) and survival of 712 colonies were monitored for one year examining the effects of genotype, depth and attachment method. | Survival of transplants reported by the source: 95.5% | Post-restoration monitoring: 12 months | Authors' conclusion: Coated wire had the lowest mortality (2.6%), and cable ties had the highest mortality (12.5%). Fragments placed at deeper depths had significantly higher growth rates than corals placed at shallower depths. Survival and growth rates also varied between genotypes. | Lessons reported: The line nurseries produced high survival and growth rates, required low maintenance and held up well during storm events. Given the decline in A. cervicornis populations in the Caribbean over the last few decades and the current focus on scaling up nurseries in the Caribbean, the results and techniques presented here are useful for the development of future nursery operations. | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: The effect of transplantation on reproduction in clonal ramets of Goniopora columna on Singapore's coral reefs. | Technique: Transplantation | Disturbance addressed: Land reclamation | Genera: Goniopora | Method: Ramets of the coral Goniopora columna were excised from five large colonies and transplanted within the same site and depth (2.3 m); to a more disturbed site closer to the mainland at a similar depth (2.2 m); and to greater depth at both sites (8.9 m and 7.6 m, respectively). Ramets were left for one year, then harvested before the predicted spawning periods. Fecundity (average number of oocytes polyp!1), reproductive effort (average oocyte diameter), and polyp tissue diameter were compared amo… | Post-restoration monitoring: 12 months | Authors' conclusion: Transplantation of ramets within site and to the same depth had no significant effect on reproductive effort, fecundity or polyp tissue diameter. Clonal fragments transplanted to the more disturbed site had significantly fewer oocytes, smaller oocytes and smaller polyps after one year suggesting that energy was diverted away from normal functions in response to stressors in the new environment. | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Akaryn Samui Coral Revitalization Project | Technique: substrate addition - artificial reef, coral gardening - transplantation | Disturbance addressed: yes | Genera: Mixed | Method: Construction of metal frames filled with reef rubble to assist in stabilising and weighing down the structures Transplant corals onto metal frames. | Authors' conclusion: Quantitative outcomes: 500 corals transplanted, 14 coral species, 36 fish species | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.

Published as: Survival and growth of coral transplants in Central Philippines Kalikasan, | Technique: Transplantation | Genera: Acropora, Euphyllia, Montipora, Turbinaria, Seriatopora, Heliopora, Pocillopora, Millepora, Stylophora, Hydnophora, Porites, Symphyllia, Pavona | Method: Fragments from nearby donor colonies were fixed with ordinary cement in depressions in the rocky substrate. | Survival of transplants reported by the source: 60.4375% | Post-restoration monitoring: 13 months | Authors' conclusion: Different levels of survival at the two sites tested (40 vs 71%), how were the reason for low survival are unknown. | Lessons reported: none | This record was compiled from a published source and has not been confirmed by the organisation that carried out the work. No contribution to the condition index is recorded: the source reports survival of transplanted material, which is not a measure of ecosystem condition.